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词汇精选：bow的用法和辨析
一、详细释义：
adj.
弯曲的，蝴蝶结形的(英[bəʊ];美[boʊ])
例句：
He affects a bow tie.
他喜欢用蝶形领结。
n.
弓(英[bəʊ];美[boʊ])
例句：
The bow twanged and the arrow whistled through the air.
那张弓发出“崩”的一声，箭随之呼啸而去。
例句：
I tightened the bow, and put rosin on the dry horse-hairs.
我调试了一下琴弦，紧了紧琴弓，又往干巴巴的马尾弓上抹了点松香。
鞠躬
例句：
I gave a theatrical bow and waved.
我夸张地鞠了个躬，然后挥手致意。
例句：
They ran to the center of the tent to take their bows.
他们跑到帐篷中央鞠躬致意。
例句：
I acknowledged his politeness with a bow.
我向他鞠躬还礼。
蝴蝶结(英[bəʊ];美[boʊ])
例句：
I tied a bow in a yellow ribbon.
我在一条黄色缎带上打了一个蝴蝶结。
例句：
She had a bow of red ribbon in her hair.
她的头发上有一个用红丝带打的蝴蝶结。
船首，船头
例句：
The sea water foams under the bow.
海水在船首下面泛起浪花。
例句：
If they ignore such requests, armed marshals on the ship would fire across their bow.
如果他们忽视这样的要求，船上的武装警察将越过船首开火。
琴弓(英[bəʊ];美[boʊ])
例句：
I loved the mellow sound of the firm bow drawn across the strings.
我喜欢那绷紧的琴弓拉过琴弦时发出的柔美圆润的声音。
v.
鞠躬，弯腰 [I,T]
例句：
They bowed low to Louis and hastened out of his way.
他们向路易斯深深鞠躬，并忙不迭地给他让道。
例句：
Every one bowed as the Queen walked into the room.
女王走进房间时，每个人都鞠躬致敬。
(使)弯曲 [I,T](英[baʊ];美[boʊ])
例句：
The pines bowed low.
松树深深地弯曲着身子。
例句：
The branches were bowed down with ripened fruit.
树枝给成熟的果实压弯了。
二、词义辨析：
curve,bend,bow,crook,twist
这些动词都含“弯、弯曲”之意。 curve指变成曲线或弧线状的动作或状态。 bend普通用词，指把某物变成曲线或角形。用于人时，指头部或身躯弯下。 bow指把头部或上身弯向前方的动作，也指社交中的礼节性动作。 crook指不规则的弯曲，也指按照规则或模型弯曲某物。 twist指通过转动、拧或扭使某物成弯曲状。
三、相关短语：
bow out
v. 1. 躬身送(某人)出门 2. 放弃做(某事) 3. 退出，引退，退休
bow tie
n. 蝴蝶结领结
take a bow
v. 鞠躬,答谢
bow window
圆肚窗，弓形凸窗
sound bow
声唇
bow down
鞠躬, 服从
bow leg
弓形腿
cupid's bow
n.爱神丘比特之弓 上嘴唇向下的尖部
四、参考例句：
He affects a bow tie.
他喜欢用蝶形领结。
The old leader decided to bow out.
那个老领导决定退出。
I gave a theatrical bow and waved.
我夸张地鞠了个躬，然后挥手致意。
They saluted each other with a bow.
他们以鞠躬 互相问候。
His bow tie had come undone.
他的领结松开了。
He hunted with bow and arrow.
他用弓箭打猎。
We must bow to the inevitable.
我们必须向必然发生的事情低头。
The barge had a rounded bow and stern.
这艘驳船的两端都是圆形的。
He had a bow and arrow in his hands.
他手持弓箭。
He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.
他微微地鞠了一躬表示对掌声的感谢。
one做为代词的意思和用法
请先看一道题：
He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he
C. one D. which
【分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
A. one B. it
C. those D. which
(2)“Why don't we take a little break?” “Didn't we just have _____?”
A. it B. that
C. one D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that B. it
C. one D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can't afford to buy ______.
A. one B. it
C. them D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one
C. it D. what
so little 还是 such little
用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”，则用so little;若表示形状体积的“小”，则用such little。如：
He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。
I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。
体会：
It's no wonder that such little animals eat so little food. 难怪这些小动物吃那么少的食物。
This, That, These, Those作为限定词的用法
作限定词时，this和that用于单数名词词组中，名词词组既可以是可数的也可以是不可数的。 These和those要用于复数名词词组中。例如：
Whoever had come up with this idea deserved a medal. 无论是何人提出这个主意都该获得奖牌。
But what happens when all this money is used up? 但当这些钱用完以后会发生什么事呢?
I hope to enjoy that feeling again before too long. 我希望过不了太久会重新享受那种感觉。
Someone put that book there after the murder, to make it look as if he'd been reading when he was killed. 有人在谋杀他之后把那本书放在那里以造成他在读书时被杀的印象。
These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这个椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。
You think if those people still have him they'll keep him alive. 如果他还在那些人的手里，你认为他们会留他一条活路吗?
neither、either、both的用法区别
一、neither、either、both的用法
1、Neither的用法
1)代词。意为“两者中任何一方都不”both的反义词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Neither of the books is mine.
这两本书没有一本是我的。
2)形容词。修饰名词时，名词使用单数。
Neither boy can swim.
两个男孩都不会游泳。
3)连词。Neither与nor连用：neither—nor— 意为“既不——也不——”连接两个并列的句子成分(连接主语时，谓语动词就近选择)
Neither he nor I am a teacher.
他和我都不是老师。
2、Either的用法
1)代词。意为“两者中的任何一个”谓语动词用单数。
Either of us is a student.
2)形容词。修饰名词时，名次使用单数。
Either boy can swim.
两个男孩中有一个会游泳。
3)连词。与or连用：either…or….意为“不是—就是—，要么—要么—，或者—或者—”连接两个并列的句子成分(连接主语时，谓语动词就近选择)用在否定句中和意思与neither nor 一样。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了就是我错了。
He doesn't know Germen or French.=He knows neither German nor French.
3、Both的用法
1)代词。意为“两者都”和谓语动词连用时，放在行为动词前，语法词之后。与of 连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
We must both study English well.
Both of us are from America.=We are both Americans.
2)形容词。修饰名词时，名次使用单数。
There are many trees on the both sides of the road.
3)连词。both and连用。意为“——两者都——”连接主语时谓语动词用复数。
Both my brother and I are football players.
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
二、neither、either、both的区别
neither、either、both的区别有以下几种情况:
1、 both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
2、both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边)
路边长满了野花。
3、either指两者中的任何一个，neither指两者都不。作代词时，either, neither一般接单数动词。作限定词时，一般加单数名词。
例：
Either of them will be appointed Minister of Finance.Neither of the two speaks English well.You must not favor either side in the dispute.In neither case can I agree with you.
4、either…or表示两个或多个选择中的一项。neither…nor表示“既不，也不”。either…or, neither…nor连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与最靠近它的主语一致。
例：
He neither knows nor cares what has happened.Neither he nor I have met such a beautiful girl before.He must be either mad or drunk.Either she or you are to be blamed for what has happened.
5、either表示也不，用于否定句。(too表示“也”，用于肯定句。)
例：
I don't like the yellow shirt, I don't like the green one, either.
6、neither可以引导倒装句，表示和前面的情况一致，而且前面为否定句。
例：
The organization had broken no rules, but______had it acted responsibly.
A) neither
B) so
C) either
D) both
neither引导倒装句，表示和前面的否定情况一致。so引导倒装句，表示和前面的肯定情况一致。either表示两者中的一个，both表示两者都。答案为A.
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