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2020年翻译资格考试二级笔译实务材料
洛杉矶历史最久医院入不敷出悄然关闭
The oldest hospital in Los Angeles and a major pillar in the city’s large Chinese community has shut its doors after 157 years.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The Pacific Alliance Medical Center – better known in the city as French Hospital – closed down with little notice or ceremony, leaving its clientele of newly arrived Asian immigrants and elderly Chinese stunned and saddened.
According to The Los Angeles Times, the hospital has been losing money and cannot afford the $100 million in earthquake renovations required by California state law.
The hospital began treating patients in 1860 and was called the French Hospital because the majority of its patients were French.
As the 19th century moved into the 20th, newly-arrived Chinese immigrants settled in the neighborhood around the hospital and the area soon became known as Chinatown.
French Hospital grew into an indispensable part of Chinatown, serving generations of families. The cafeteria featured an Asian menu and the hospital sponsored youth sports teams and many community events.
Chinatown activists say seniors are going to be severely affected by the closing. Many were able to walk to the facility for simple medical care and free health classes.
洛杉矶历史最久医院入不敷出悄然关闭
美国洛杉矶一家建立157年的历史最久的医院关闭。这家医院也是当地华人社区的一个重要支柱。
这座在洛杉矶被人称为“法国医院”的太平洋联盟医疗中心悄然关闭，没有举行任何仪式。很多新到美国的亚洲移民和年迈的华人感到震惊和伤心。
《洛杉矶时报》说，这家医院一直亏损，拿不出修复地震损坏设施所需的1亿美元。加利福尼亚州法律要求必须修复这些设施方能继续使用。
太平洋联盟医疗中心1860年开始治疗病人，当时大部分病人是法国裔，因而被称为法国医院。
到了19世纪和20世纪，很多新到美国的华人移民在医院周围定居，这个地方很快被称为唐人街或中国城。
法国医院很快成为中国城不可分割的一部分，为好几代人提供服务。医院餐厅的菜单上有亚洲菜肴，医院还为社区的青年和少年体育队以及其它活动提供赞助和支持。
中国城的活动人士说，医院关闭将严重影响一些老年人。他们一直可以走路到医院接受简单诊治，并接受一些免费的医疗卫生常识培训。
2020年翻译资格考试二级笔译实务材料
达芬奇珍品以创纪录价格拍卖成交
A 500-year-old masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci that once sold for a mere $60 smashed the world’s record for an art auction Wednesday.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
“Salvator Mundi,” which depicts Christ raising his hand in a blessing, sold for $450 million at Christie’s Auction House in New York.
The buyer who was not identified, made his bid by telephone, sending the audience into a frenzy as the price climbed higher and higher.
The seller is Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev.
Only about 20 da Vinci works are known to exist and “Salvator Mundi” is the only one in private hands. The others are in museums or part of large public collections.
Art experts believe da Vinci painted “Salvator Mundi” in about 1500. It was once owned by England’s King Charles I. It disappeared, resurfaced, and, at one time, was bought for just $60 by a collector who mistook it for a copy.
It took more than 50 years for art experts to restore it and authenticate it as a genuine da Vinci, although others still doubt it is the real thing.
Until Wednesday, the highest price paid for a painting at auction was $179 million for Pablo Picasso’s “The Women of Algiers” in 2015.
2020年翻译资格考试二级笔译实务材料
网络空间国际合作战略
International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace
序言
Preface
“网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，网络空间前途命运应由世界各国共同掌握。各国应该加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体。”考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communications, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace.
——中国国家主席习近平，2015年12月16日
– Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, 2015/12/16
当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。
Today, the rapid advancement of information technology represented by the Internet has brought about new ways of social production, created new space for people’s life, opened new horizons of state governance and enhanced people’s ability to understand and shape the world.
作为人类社会的共同财富，互联网让世界变成了“地球村”。各国在网络空间互联互通，利益交融，休戚与共。维护网络空间和平与安全，促进开放与合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体，符合国际社会的共同利益，也是国际社会的共同责任。
As the common asset of human society, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. It is in the shared interests and also the responsibility of the international community to safeguard peace and security, promote openness and cooperation and foster a community of shared future in cyberspace.
《网络空间国际合作战略》全面宣示中国在网络空间相关国际问题上的政策立场，系统阐释中国开展网络领域对外工作的基本原则、战略目标和行动要点，旨在指导中国今后一个时期参与网络空间国际交流与合作，推动国际社会携手努力，加强对话合作，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的全球互联网治理体系。
International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace provides a comprehensive explanation of China’s policy and position on cyber-related international affairs as well as the basic principles, strategic goals and plan of action in its external relations on that front. It aims to guide China’s participation in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace for the next period of time, and encourage the international community to come together to enhance dialogue and cooperation and build a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.
第一章 机遇与挑战
Chapter I. Opportunities and Challenges
在世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化深入发展，全球治理体系深刻变革的背景下，人类迎来了信息革命的新时代。以互联网为代表的信息通信技术日新月异，深刻改变了人们的生产和生活方式，日益激励市场创新、促进经济繁荣、推动社会发展。网络空间越来越成为信息传播的新渠道、生产生活的新空间、经济发展的新引擎、文化繁荣的新载体、社会治理的新平台、交流合作的新纽带、国家主权的新疆域。
With the accelerating trend toward a multi-polar, economically globalized and culturally diverse world and the profoundly changing global governance system, mankind has entered a new era of information revolution. The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) represented by the Internet has changed people’s way of production and life and boosted market innovation, economic prosperity and social development. Cyberspace is becoming a new channel for information dissemination, a new frontier of people’s work and life, a new engine for economic growth, a new carrier for cultural prosperity, a new platform of social governance, a new bridge for communication and cooperation and a new domain of state sovereignty.
网络空间给人类带来巨大机遇，同时也带来了不少新的课题和挑战，网络空间的安全与稳定成为攸关各国主权、安全和发展利益的全球关切。互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显。国家和地区间的“数字鸿沟”不断拉大。关键信息基础设施存在较大风险隐患。全球互联网基础资源管理体系难以反映大多数国家意愿和利益。网络恐怖主义成为全球公害，网络犯罪呈蔓延之势。滥用信息通信技术干涉别国内政、从事大规模网络监控等活动时有发生。网络空间缺乏普遍有效规范各方行为的国际规则，自身发展受到制约。
While creating tremendous opportunities, cyberspace also faces a number of new issues and challenges. Security and stability in cyberspace has become a global concern which bears on the sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries. Problems such as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order in cyberspace have become more evident. The digital divide among countries and regions is widening. Critical information infrastructure faces considerable vulnerability and potential risk. The existing global governance system of basic Internet resources hardly reflects the desires and interests of the majority of countries. Cyber terrorism has become a global public menace. Cyber crimes are spreading. Interference in other countries’ internal affairs by abusing ICT and massive cyber surveillance activities happen from time to time. The absence of general international rules in cyberspace that effectively govern the behavior of all parties hampers the development of cyberspace.
面对问题和挑战，任何国家都难以独善其身，国际社会应本着相互尊重、互谅互让的精神，开展对话与合作，以规则为基础实现网络空间全球治理。
No countries can stay immune from such problems and challenges. The international community can only work together through intensified cooperation in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding and accommodation so as to put in place a rule-based global governance system in cyberspace.
2020年翻译资格考试二级笔译实务材料
Ideas on Feminism Vary Depending on Culture Location
From Nairobi to Conakry, women across Africa are demanding change in attitudes towards sexual harassment, fair wages, access to land and equal opportunities for political leadership.
But they’re doing it in their own way says Gwendolyn Michael, professor of anthropology and Foreign Service at Georgetown University and author of a book on African feminism.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
“In the U.S. women often think feminism means I alone, determine what’s best for me. But African feminism is very much a different thing. It’s about how women interpret their interests and empowerment within the context of where they live and their cultural values.”
Feminism has historically had negative connotations on the African continent, says Xingu Rama Terra who teaches African feminist theory at Rhodes University in South Africa.
“Feminism one is considered to be a title that is given to middle class people or people who are white. There’s also an attachment to feminism that feminism is anti-men and anti-African cultural systems and anti-African traditional practices so in that regard there are many women who would hesitate to be identified as feminists.”
Advocating for women’s right on the basis of equality of the sexes can be intimidating for some men but American University professor Kwaku Nwamah says, “it shouldn’t be the case it starts with not being afraid of the word feminist and understanding that what’s right for our women is right for us as a society, as a continent in general.”
He says some of the problems require a shift in cultural attitudes and those take a long time, but some countries on waiting. Rwanda for example has the largest share of seats in parliament in the world held by women.
“One nice terrific example of what public policy can do to help women. They use quarters and people say what quarters diminish the role of women. No it doesn’t. Then on the end of the spectrum you see countries like Tanzania where the government says you can go to school if you pregnant.”
Dr. Michael says things are evolving on the continent.“I’d say beginning about 20 years ago I began doing a lot of, having a lot of conversations with ordinary women who had been supporting various movements, for example in South African, ANC women and what was fascinating is that these women used to say I can’t talk about feminism until we deal with getting rid of apartheid. Now what we’re seeing is that these women are parliamentarians all across the country. They are trying to get land laws changed.”
People like Kenya’s environmental political activist Juan Gauri Mathai and South Africa’s anti-apartheid activist Winnie Mandela are seen as great feminist inspirations for material.
But is being a feminist critical in the empowerment of women in General. “The simple answer for that should be would be no because many women across the decades have done work that is feminist what we would consider to be Feminists.”
She says the lack of the feminism label in some cases doesn’t negate the credibility of their work.
不同的文化背景对女性主义的认识也不尽相同
从内罗毕到科纳克里，非洲各地的妇女都在要求改变对性骚扰的态度、公平的工资、获得土地的权利以及政治领导的平等机会。
但乔治敦大学人类学和外交服务教授，同时也是一本关于非洲女权主义的书的作者格温多林·迈克尔说，他们正在用自己的方式做这件事。
“在美国，女性通常认为女权主义意味着我一个人，决定什么对我最好。但是非洲的女权主义是完全不同的。它是关于女性如何在她们生活的地方和文化价值观的背景下诠释她们的兴趣和赋权。”
从历史上看，女权主义在非洲大陆具有负面含义。在南非罗兹大学教授非洲女权主义理论的辛古·拉马·特拉(Xingu Rama Terra)说。
“女权主义有人被认为是中产阶级或白人的称号。还有一种对女权主义的依恋，女权主义是反男性的，反非洲的文化体系，反非洲的传统习俗，所以在这方面，很多女性不愿意被认为是女权主义者。”
在性别平等的基础上倡导女性权利对一些男性来说可能是令人生畏的，但美国大学教授夸库·努瓦玛(Kwaku Nwamah)说，“不应该是这样的，开始于不害怕女权主义这个词并且理解什么对我们的女性是正确的，对我们整个社会，整个大陆也是正确的。”
他说，有些问题需要文化态度的转变，这需要很长时间，但有些国家还在等待。例如，卢旺达妇女在议会中所占的席位是世界上最多的。
“这是公共政策可以帮助女性的一个很好的例子。他们使用四分之一，人们说什么四分之一削弱了女性的作用。并没有。在范围的末端，你会看到像坦桑尼亚这样的国家，政府说如果你怀孕了，你可以去上学。”
迈克尔(Michael)博士说，非洲大陆正在发生变化。“我想说，从大约二十年前开始，我开始做很多事情，和支持各种运动的普通女性交谈，例如在南非，非洲国民大会的女性，最吸引人的是，这些女性过去常说，除非我们解决种族隔离问题，否则我不能谈论女权主义。现在我们看到的是，这些妇女是全国各地的国会议员。他们正试图修改土地法。”
肯尼亚环境政治活动家胡安·高里·马塔伊(Juan Gauri Mathai)和南非反种族隔离活动家温妮·曼德拉(Winnie Mandela)等人被视为伟大的女权主义素材灵感来源。
而是作为一个女权主义者，对女性赋权提出了批评。“简单的答案应该是否定的，因为几十年来，很多女性都做过女权主义的工作，我们认为她们是女权主义者。”
她说，在某些情况下，缺乏女权主义的标签并不会否定他们工作的可信度。
2020年翻译资格考试二级笔译实务材料
纽约调查在社交媒体平台出售僵尸粉公司
New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman has launched an investigation of a firm that allegedly sold millions of fake followers to social media users.。考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The company, Devumi, sold more than 200 million fake followers, or bots, to celebrities, sports stars, and politicians, The New York Times reported.
“Impersonation and deception are illegal under New York law,” Schneiderman tweeted. “We are opening an investigation into Devumi and its apparent sale of bots using stolen identities.”
The Times reported that at least 55,000 of the bot accounts names, pictures, hometowns and other details taken from people on Twitter. The information was stolen from people in every U.S. state as well as dozens of countries, The Times said.
“The growing prevalence of bots means that real voices are too often drowned out in public conversation,” Schneiderman said. “Those who can pay the most for followers can buy their way to apparent influence.”
On social media, high follower numbers means greater influence and visibility, which can impact public opinion and offer lucrative financial deals for the account holders.
On its website, Devumi offers customers the chance to buy up to 500,000 followers for social media sites including Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Vimeo, with prices starting at as little as $12.
纽约州总检察长史树德(Eric Schneiderman)开始调查一家据称向社交媒体用户出售了两亿多僵尸粉的公司。
《纽约时报》报道，Devumi公司向名人、体育明星和政界人士出售了两亿多僵尸粉。
纽约总检察长史树德说：“根据纽约州法律，假冒和欺诈是违法行为。我们开始调查Devumi公司。看来这家公司用盗窃的用户信息出售了僵尸粉。”
《纽约时报》报道，至少有5万5000人的推特信息被猎取，包括用户名、照片、居住地点以及其它一些详细信息。《纽约时报》说，被盗窃信息的用户来自美国50个州和几十个国家。
史树德说：“日益增多的僵尸粉意味着公共对话中的真正声音被淹没。那些能出大价钱购买僵尸粉的人能够用钱换取影响力。”
在社交媒体上，拥有大量粉丝意味着更大的影响和曝光度，能影响公众舆论，还经常能给这些高粉丝用户带来回报丰厚的签约。
Devumi公司在其网站上可让客户购买各社交媒体平台的最多50万僵尸粉，包括推特(Twitter)、Youtube、领英(LinkedIn)、缤趣(Pinterest)、和Vimeo，价格从12美元起。
