初三英语重要知识点

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初三英语重要知识点

动词不定式

一. 定义：

由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形

(1)作主语

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：

It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.

It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?

It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.

It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.

It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary 等;

在句型中，常用careless，clever，good，foolish，honest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)举例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy,　difficult,　hard,　important,　possible,　impossible,　comfortable,　necessary,　better;

the first,　the next,　the last,　the best,　too much,　too little,　not enough

1、It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind,　nice,　stupid,　rude,　clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　considerate(考虑周到的),　silly,　selfish(自私的)

例句:

1、It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：

(1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

(2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe.　眼见为实。

(错)It is to believe to see.

三. 动词不定式作宾语

后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。

1、We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。

2、The man decided to do it herself. 那个男人决定自己做那件事。

动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)

1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：

remember to do 记住要做某事

remember doing 记得曾经做过某事

forget to do忘记要做某事

forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 继续做另一件事

go on doing 继续做原来在做的事

2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。

如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。

初三英语考试知识点

固定搭配:

only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many)

many a (=many)

Many books were sold.

Many a book was sold.

卖出了许多书.

9many, much的用法

Many,much都意为"许多",many +可数名词,much +不可数名词.

How many people are there at the meeting

How much time has we left

Many of the workers were at the meeting.

Much of the time was spent on learning.

初三英语备考知识点

介词的固定搭配

介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。

(1)介词与动词的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…， 等。

(2)介词与名词的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

(3)介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

短语动词的分类

(1)动词+介词

常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的`宾语只能放在介词后。如：

Don’t laugh at others.

Tom asked his parents for a bike.

(2)动词+副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：

You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)动词+副词+介词

常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)动词+名词+介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)动词+形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

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