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亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金简介
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (June 6, 1799 - February 10, 1837) was a famous Russian writer, regarded by many as Russia's greatest poet, the founder of modern Russian literature. 19th century Russian romantic literature main representative. Known as "the father of Russian literature." His work is the Russian national consciousness and the aristocratic revolutionary movement in the literary response. "Poem", "to the sea", "to Chadayev", "if life deceived you", poetic novel "Yevgeny Onegin", the novel "Captain's daughter" "Spade queen" and so on.
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Childhood
Alexandre Sergeiyevich Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow, a family of aristocratic family, was twice exiled, always refused to yield, and ultimately in the tsarist government planning and duel with the people died, Only 38 years old. He grew up in a strong literary atmosphere.
Childhood, he was taught by the French tutor, accepted the aristocratic education, 8 years old when you can write poetry in French. Home collection of rich, make literary celebrities, his serfs born nanny often told him about the Russian folk tales and legends, making him from childhood to enjoy the rich Russian language. And a strong interest in folk creation.
In 1811, Pushkin entered the aristocratic school Huangcun school to study, only 12 years old began his literary career. In 1815, in the middle school examination he recited his own creation of "imperial village nostalgia", showing excellent poetry writing ability, especially his poetry rhyme beautiful and delicate has been widely appreciated. In the early poems, he followed the Romantic poets Bachschkov and Zhukovsky to learn the style of the 17th century - 18th century French poet Andre Cheyenier. During his studies at Huangcun Middle School, he also accepted the influence of the French enlightenment thought and made some of the later Guards officers of the Guards, opposing the tsar dictatorship and the pursuit of freedom.
Writing pinnacle
After graduating from Pushkin, he served in the Petersburg Ministry of Foreign Affairs, during which he was deeply influenced by the later December and his democratic and free ideas, and participated in literary groups associated with the secret organization of the December party " Green light club ", created a lot of anti-serfdom, praised the freedom of poetry, such as" free ode "," to Chadayev "," village ". In 1820, Pushkin created the fairy tale narrative poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila". Pushkin used poetic folk language in his poems, from content to form to classical poetry, to challenge the traditional literature of nobility.
These works by Pushkin caused the uneasiness of the tsarist government, and in 1820 he was assigned to the southern part of Russia, which was a disguised exile. During this period, he was more frequent with the December party, participated in some of the party's secret meeting in December. His pursuit of freedom is more clear and stronger. Pushkin wrote "dagger", "prisoner", "to the sea" and other famous articles, also wrote a group of "Southern Psalms", including "Caucasian prisoners", "robber brother", " Spring "," Kegon "four romantic narrative poems. Also wrote a lot of beautiful lyrics: "sun sank" and so on, which express the poet's strong desire for freedom. From this period onwards, Pushkin fully demonstrated his own unique style. And let everyone know the society at that time.
1824 - In 1825, Pushkin was returned to the village of Mikhailovsk in the territory of Pskov province by the tsarist authorities, where he spent two years.
The work is quite abundant
In 1826, Tsar Nicholas ascended the throne, recalling Pushkin to Moscow, but still under the secret supervision of the tsarist police. Pushkin did not change his attitude toward the party in December, and he had a fantasy about the new tsar, hoping that Nikolai I could forgive the December party who had been exiled in Siberia, but the fantasy was soon shattered and the political lyric "To the prisoners of Siberia", to express their faithfulness to the ideals of the December party. In the autumn of 1830, Pushkin spent three months in his father's territory, which was the harvest period of his life creation, which was called "the fall of Polkino" in the history of literature. He has completed the poem novel "Yevgeny Onegin", which began in 1823, and created the image of the first "superfluous" in Russian literature, which became his most important work. Also wrote "Beelkin novels" and four poetic novels "stingy knights", "Mozart and Shalley", "plague popular banquet", "stone off", and nearly 30 lyrics. "Bu Ge Jin novel collection" in the "Inn" a Russian short story of the model, opened the tradition of shaping the "little people", his realism creation consummate.
In 1831 Pushkin moved to Petersburg and still served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He continued to create many works, mainly narrative poem "Bronze Knight", fairy tale poem "fisherman and goldfish story", short story "spades" and so on. He also wrote two novels about the peasantry "Dubrovsky", "Captain's daughter".
In 1836 Pushkin founded the literary magazine "modern man". The publication was later edited by Belinsky, Nykelasov, Chernyshevsky, Dubrovnikov, and so on until the 1960s, not only trained a large number of outstanding writers, but also became a Russian progressive person The mouthpiece.
The death of the literati
The French gendarmerie captain Dantes blasphemed Pushkin's wife, Natalia Nicholas Yevna Gonchalova, resulting in the 1837 Pushkin and Dante's duel. February 8, 1837, Pushkin and Dantes decisive battle, the results of the abdomen was seriously injured, two days after the February 10 (Russian calendar on January 29) died, only 38 years old. His early death made the Russian progressive scholar once lamented: "The sun of the Russian poetry has sunk!"
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