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托福阅读如何选择有助提分的课外资料?这些文章要多看
托福阅读课外读物选择推荐:多读常见大学科目文章
如科学、科技、历史、政治、文化、文学、艺术、人物传记等方面的题材,自己在平时进行课外阅读时可以有意识地躲涉猎一些,这个就不用英语了,可以看中文的,我们的目的是要了解这方面的知识。比如说科技领域里面,正流行的是什么,未来发展的趋势是哪里,这些我们都要基本了解,因为很多阅读文章都是从这个方向上出题的,我们不可能了解的很深入,研究得彻底,至少做到心中有数,知道存在这样东西或这个事件,能有兴趣知道来龙去脉就更好了。虽然说托福的设计原则是让一个对文章主题所涉及的主题没有这方面知识的人,也能成功作答。但是如果你之前对这个主题有所了解,那么你就比其他同学对文章理解的更加彻底了,回答更能得心应手了。
托福阅读课外读物选择推荐:多读英文文章
我们成为extensive reading。阅读考试考察的是我们的理解文章能力,这个能力不是一天就训练的出来,是要经过长期积累而产生的。平时的练习就是一种锻炼,一种积累,要用正确的阅读方法和解题方法,这样每天的练习,就是不断的强化,长此以往,在考场上才能得心应手,不慌不忙,从容应对考试,考出高分来。多读英文文章会增强阅读能力,可以加快阅读速度,扩大我们的词汇量。这样的话在就可以减少在考场上推测生词意思上时间的花费了。节省下来的时间久可以用来更好低理解文章了。
托福阅读课外读物选择推荐:读一些比较深度的文章
在时间宽裕情况下,建议读一些内容较深的文章,不认识的单词可以查字典并记录下来。托福的文章大多是大学程度的,需要我们平时进行一些有难度的训练,才能跟上节奏。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:打破贵族对选举的束缚
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.
词汇讲解:
aristocracy /ˌærɪ'stɒkrəsɪ/ n. 贵族阶级,贵族
stranglehold /'stræŋɡlhəuld/ n. 扼制,压制,束缚
abolish /ə'bɒlɪʃ/ v. 废除,废止
obligation /ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 义务,职责
assembly /ə'semblɪ/ n. 集合,集会;装配,安装
overrule /əʊvə'ruːl/ v. 否决,驳回
结构划分:
The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)
深度分析:
这个句子的主干就是:
The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.
修饰一:(when he broke the aristocracy’s stranglehold on elected offices) ,从句
中文:当他打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。
修饰二:(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.),介词短语
这个修饰成分比较复杂,介词后面接了三个并列的非谓语动词:
1:establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding
2:abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy
3:allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.
其中第3个非谓语动词中还有一个从句:
of which all citizens were equal members
三个并列的非谓语动词中文如下:
1:确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础
2:废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务
3:并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定
中文:他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定
参考翻译:
改变的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon发起的,那时候他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定,打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:电影院播放技术的演变
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolve d from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.
句子分析:
not….until….一定要翻译成肯定句式,直接……才….., 这种句式在托福阅读真题文章中经常出现,一定要准确翻译。
to the point where…..是 where引导的定语从句修饰point. 意思是:在这个程度上……, 可以直接把to the point where….当作固定结构记住,意思是:到达…..的程度。
参考翻译:
直到电影院的播放技术从最初的西洋镜形式演变为将影像投影到幽暗的影院屏幕这个程度的时候,电影院才以大众化消费形式出现。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:波利尼西亚人的来历
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplish ed by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.
词汇讲解:
maroon作动词,表示“被困于荒无人烟且无法脱身的地方”,比如:The car broke down leaving usmarooned in the middle of nowhere. 汽车坏了,我们被困在茫茫荒野中。生活中maroon也可以表示一种颜色,就是“栗色”。
deliberate作形容词,表示“有意的”,比如:a deliberate act of disobedience 故意的违抗行为。deliberate也可以作动词,表示“仔细考虑;商议”,比如:We really can’t afford to deliberate any longer. 我们真的不能再仔细考虑了。They met to deliberate on possible solutions to the problem. 他们聚在一起仔细商讨这个问题的可能解决办法。
domesticated plants and animals通常指的是已培育好的植物和已驯化的动物。domesticate作动词,本意就是“驯养”。
句子分析:
Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift(同位语从句), it(形式主语)seems(谓语)reasonable(表语)that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions(主语从句)that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals(定语从句).
本句的主句是it seems reasonable that… ,这里it作形式主语,真正的主语则是由that引导的名词性从句,也就是主语从句。在这个主语从句中,有that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的expeditions。另外,值得注意的是本句最前面the arguments of some that...中that引导的是同位语从句,进一步解释有些说法的具体内容。
参考翻译:
一些说法认为波利尼西亚人在迷失、漂流后偶然被困在荒无人烟的太平洋地区,从而定居下来,而与这些说法相反的则认为这个功绩是通过有意的殖民远征来实现的,他们出发时满载了食物、已培育好的植物和已驯化的动物,这样的解释似乎有道理。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:认识自然资源的潜能
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
It seems likely that Teotihuacan's natural resources, along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors.
词汇讲解:
potential作名词,表示“潜力,潜能”,比如:China is a huge market with great potential for the whole world. 中国对于全世界来说是一个潜力巨大的市场。本句中the ability to recognize their potential表示“认识这些资源潜能的能力”。
edge作名词,表示“边缘;优势”,本句中give ... a competitive edge over ... 指的是“比起……,赋予……一种竞争优势”,比如:Having a good command of English gives her a competitive edge over her colleagues. 比起她的同事,娴熟的英语能力让她有竞争优势。
句子分析:
It(形式主语)seems(谓语)likely(表语)that Teotihuacan’s natural resources, [along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential](插入语), gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors(主语从句).
本句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句,也叫主语从句。主语从句的谓语动词是gave,这个词组gave sth. a competitive edge,意思是“赋予……一种竞争优势”。而本句中along with...则是插入语,可以留到最后来读。
参考翻译:
很可能的是特奥蒂瓦坎的自然资源和精英们认识这些资源潜能的能力,赋予了这座城市能与其邻居们竞争的优势。