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托福阅读5个重要出题点罗列指点

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托福阅读重要出题点:主题段和主题句的关键词

托福阅读考试文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的,因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时,文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。

托福阅读重要出题点:举例主体

有的时候,为了说明某些理论和观点,文章中会出现大段的举例文字。

实际上TOEFL考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少,而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此,考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了,至于例子中所阐述的具体信息,可以适当忽略。

托福阅读重要出题点:新概念和局部核心概念

所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时,之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现,意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题,所以,新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念,对于这种概念来说,无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意,因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。

托福阅读重要出题点:重要的逻辑关系

很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容,但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系,因而对信息关联理解不准确,这也是一种严重的错误。因此,在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

托福阅读重要出题点:时间和数字

一般来说,出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关,作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的,因此,除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象,考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题,一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词,二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式,考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字,以便于之后做题时的查询。

托福背景阅读之风靡美国的煎饼

Jian bing, a form of grilled savory crepe with stuffing, is a popular dish in North China. The mung-bean-and-millet crepe is often made on a well-heated pan. Freshly scrambled egg, pickled vegetables, scallions, cilantro, black bean paste, chili sauce and a crispy fried crackers (the secret that adds a crunch to the crepe) are added on the crepe and rolled up. Often sold by street vendors, Jian bing is a popular choice for breakfast for on-the-go commuters.

煎饼,是一种包有内馅儿的咸味煎薄饼,它在中国北方广受欢迎。在烧得滚热的案板上,摊开绿豆和小米面糊烙成面饼,在面饼上打一个鸡蛋,撒上泡菜、大葱、香菜,涂上豆瓣酱、辣椒酱,然后放上一块薄脆(让煎饼酥脆的秘密),再卷起来。煎饼通常是大街小巷的小贩在卖,它是许多赶着上班的通勤族最爱的早餐。

Alisa Grandy, the owner of Bing Mi!, fell in love with the snack when she returned to Portland from her trip in China.

艾丽莎•格兰迪是Bing Mi的店主,在她从中国旅游回到波特兰以后,她对煎饼的爱就一发不可收拾。

"When she got back from China, that's all she would talk about," says her husband Neal. Grandy spent months perfecting the right mix of ingredients to recreate the exact taste she enjoyed in China. Six months later, the couple opened a store. Business is good, as they've already got two crepe-makers on back order.

她的丈夫尼尔称“自打她从中国回来以后,她成天都在谈论煎饼”。后来格兰迪花了好几个月,专门研究煎饼的原料和配方,以复制她在中国尝过的那种味道。六个月后,夫妇俩开了家店。生意非常红火,两个煎饼师傅都忙不过来。

Bing Mi! sells a piece of jian bing for $6. In fact, it is the only item that they sell. According to Grandy's husband, Chinese customers nostalgic for the taste of home have given their compliments.

Bing Mi!的煎饼每个售价6美元。事实上,他们只卖煎饼。格兰迪的丈夫称,因思乡而来品尝故乡味道的中国顾客称赞了他们做的煎饼。

托福阅读背景之“安妮·海瑟薇综合症”

When you work hard, when that work is awarded, when your body and beauty match societal standards, when you check every box, and still everyone tells you you're doing it wrong, that's Anne Hathaway Syndrome.

当你辛勤工作,当你付出的努力获得了认可,当你的身材和美貌已符合大众标准,当你做到十全十美时,每个人却都告诉你,你的所作所为都是错的,这就是安妮·海瑟薇综合症。

对于完美如她却如此招恨的原因,各界众说纷纭:

Hathaway could simply be a victim of what the British call "tall poppy syndrome" — the bloom that pokes above the others is the first to get cut, according to The New York Times.

据《纽约时报》分析,海瑟薇可能只是英国人所说的“高罂粟花综合征”的受害者——长得最高的花是第一个被摘掉的。

"We love authenticity, that's why we have a billion reality shows," said Neal Gabler, an author of several best-selling books on Hollywood culture and history. "And here comes Anne Hathaway. Everything she does seems managed, calculated or rehearsed. Her inauthenticity - or the feeling of her inauthenticity - is now viral."

写过好几部关于好莱坞文化历史畅销书的尼尔·加布勒表示:“我们都热爱真实,这就是为什么我们有那么多的真人秀。而现在来说说安妮·海瑟薇,她做的每件事似乎都是精心策划、经过计算或事先排练过的。她的不真实——或者说她给人的不真实的感觉——是如今的大忌。

No one, it should be noted, accuses her of doing anything wrong. Rather, Hathaway seems to have become a mirror for our own inadequacies, said Sarah Nicole Prickett, a writer for Vice and The New Inquiry, a culture and commentary site. "It's not really Anne Hathaway I 'hate,'" she said. "It's all the lesser, real-life Anne Hathaways I have known — princessy, theater-schooled girls who have no game and no sex appeal and eat raisins for dessert."

Vice网站和文化与评论网站The New Inquiry的撰稿人莎拉·妮科尔·普里克特称,必须指出的是,没人认为她做错了什么。相反,海瑟薇似乎成了一面照亮我们不足的镜子。“其实我‘讨厌’的不是安妮·海瑟薇,而是我认识的所有那些不那么优秀的、更真实的安妮·海瑟薇——那些上过戏剧学校的、公主般的女孩,她们没有心计,不性感,把葡萄干当甜点。”

"Why Do Women Hate Anne Hathaway (But Love Jennifer Lawrence)?" Ann Friedman asked on New York magazine's fashion and women's issues blog, The Cut. "We simply don't find successful 'perfect' women all that likable," she wrote, adding that women prefer sassy best-friend types like Jennifer Lawrence, with her Oscar-night podium stumbles and self-effacing jokes about Spanx and cheese steaks.

“为什么女人讨厌安妮·海瑟薇却喜爱詹妮弗·劳伦斯呢?”安·弗里德曼在《纽约》杂志关于时尚和女性话题的博客The Cut中这样问道。“我们只是觉得成功、‘完美’的女人不那么可爱,”她写道。她又补充说,女人更喜欢活泼的、闺蜜型的女人,比如詹妮弗·劳伦斯,她在奥斯卡领奖台上摔倒以及关于塑身裤和奶酪牛排的谦逊笑话都显得那么可爱。


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