托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理

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托福写作必备热点话题背景词汇整理介绍 环境类高频词一览

污染物 n. pollutant

尽可能减少，最小化 vt. minimize

倾倒 vt. dump

循环使用 vt. recycle

灌溉 n. irrigation

居住于…… vt. inhabit

节约使用 v. conserve

保护 v. preserve

再利用 v. reuse/ recycle

短缺 n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack

污染 v. pollute

生态系统 the ecosystem

有益于环保的 adj. eco-friendly

环境恶化 environmental degradation/ environmental deterioration

当地的居民 local resident/ local inhabitants

紫外线 ultraviolet (UV) rays

皮肤癌 skin cancer

防晒霜 n. sunscreen

有毒的 adj. poisonous/ toxic

无毒的 adj. non-toxic

免疫系统 immune system

一次性的 adj. disposable

(人)吸入 vt. inhale

负面影响 adverse effects

沙尘暴 n. sandstorm

砍伐森林 n. deforestation

可以被环境吸收的 adj. biodegradable

联合的 joint effort/ concerted effort

国际社会而不是国际社区 the international community

臭氧层 ozone layer

对……形成压力 put a strain on…

有环保意识的 adj. environmentally-conscious

不可逆的 adj. irreversible

化学反应 chemical reactions

安静的，宁静的 tranquil and serene

有限的自然资源 limited/ finite natural resources

替代性能源 alternative energy

商品包装的总称 n. packaging

污染 vt. contaminate

二氧化碳排放 carbon dioxide emission(s)

汽车尾气 exhaust fumes

酸雨 acid rain

冰川 n. glacier

排放(污染物) vt. discharge

可持续发展 sustainable development

节约 vt. conserve

植被 n. vegetation

光合作用 n. photosynthesis

太阳能 solar energy

风能 wind energy

核能 nuclear energy

水电 n. hydropower

烟雾重的 adj. smoggy

呼吸系统疾病 respiratory disease

极大的痛苦 n. agony

人造的 adj. artificial

改变，变更 vt. alter

适当的 adj. appropriate

愤慨的 adj. indignant

鼓励环保 go green

开采自然资源 exploit natural resources

热带雨林 n. rainforests

侵蚀 vt. erode

连锁反应 chain reaction

水波效应，连锁反应 ripple effect

蝴蝶效应，连锁反应 butterfly effect

彻底改变我们的生活 reshape our lives

贫瘠的土地 barren/ infertile land

肥沃的土地 fertile land

警惕 n.&vt. caution

化肥 chemical fertilizer

杀虫剂 n. pesticide

丰富的，充裕的 adj. abundant

辐射 n. radiation

(多指对环境、建筑等)破坏 wreak havoc on sth.

恶化 v. deteriorate/ aggravate

生态平衡 ecological balance ecological equilibrium

可持续发展 sustainable development

环保主义者 n. environmentalists/ conservationists

对环境无害的 adj. environmentally-friendly

各国必须携手解决环境问题 countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort unite/ combat environmental problems

增强公众关于……的意识 raise (or elevate) the public awareness of sth.

让资源承受很大压力 put a strain on the resources/ stretch resources to the limit

破坏自然环境 wreak havoc on natural resources

砍伐森林 n. deforestation

增加农产品产量 boost crop yield

可再生资源 renewable resources

消耗 v. consume/ deplete

用尽 use up exhaust

严厉的措施 n. harsh actions/ measures

某一地区所有生物总称 the wildlife in a region

生物的多样性 n. biodiversity

污水 n. effluent/ sewage

温室效应 greenhouse effect

严重的 adj. severe

白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage

谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone sth.

肥沃的土壤 fertile soil

贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil

耕地 n. arable land

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：advertisements promote things we do not need

托福写作难点话题一览

Do advertisements promote things we do not need or products that may improve our lives?

Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

倾向于同意后者广告的好处：介绍新产品;降低报纸、杂志、电视节目的价格。广告的不良影响(可大多情况下，那不是广告的错，而是制作者的责任，这些可以通过法制解决) 结论是，广告有很多好处，也有一些不足，可是没有广告却是不可以的。

本话题高分范文赏析

Over the last twenty years the amount of adverting we are subjected to in our daily lives has increased dramatically. It has got to the point where one can hardly turn his/her head without seeing a wide array of media images. I tend to agree the fact that advertisements more often than not persuade us into buying things that we do not need. Often it is difficult to discern what a product is from an advertisement. Advertisers prey on our basal emotions, conjuring strong relationships between our primary drives and their product names or logos.

A prime example of this is perfume ads. In many of these types of advertisements there are women in compromising positions, but there is no mention of the actual product for sale. These ads draw us in and make us think that we can be better and more beautiful if we have the product. In addition to being manipulative, advertisements also fill our environments and our consciousness. There is no taboo venue for advertisements; they fill our televisions, radios, streets and elevators. Some advertisers have even taken to placing images of their products in our urinals or on boxers' bodies. It is impossible to get away from them. To illustrate this point, all one has to do is to pick up a popular magazine. While flipping through the pages, one will most likely find that for every page of content there are at least two pages of advertisements. It should also be noted that a significant portion of this so called "content" is actually advertising in disguise.

Finally, advertisements feed on our insecurities and often successfully convince us that we have no value to society without their products. Advertising was originally designed to showcase products and inform us as to how they can improve our lives. This harmless form has been replaced by a medium that viciously attacks our self-confidence and self-esteem. In conclusion, I posit that the main goal of advertisements is to convince us to buy things that we do not need. As globalization continues to shrink the world, advertising coerces all countries to become consumer nations.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：traditional house or modern apartment building

托福写作难点话题一览

Live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building?

Would you prefer to live in a traditional house or in a modern apartment building? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.

写作思路展开结构分析

关于住宅从便利性的角度来展开是比较简单的，因此选择现代公寓更容易写。相比传统的房子：主要是方便，设施更完整，上下水(sewerage system);互联网接入(accessing internet);有线电视系统(cable TV);煤气供应(gas supply);容易清扫，清扫范围少。

本话题高分范文赏析

Choosing a home is a very personal decision to make. Some people prefer to live in traditional houses, while others would rather live in modern apartment buildings. Personally, I would prefer to live in a modern building over a traditional house. Modern buildings provide better services, they are stronger and safer, and they are more conveniently located. When people move into a modern apartment building, they are immediately surrounded by all of the comforts they could possibly want. Modern buildings typically have new plumbing and hardware. Because of this there are usually very few problems with new apartment buildings. In addition to this, they also come supplied with refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioning, and the Internet. Many new buildings have the added bonus of having a workout facility or a swimming pool. All of these advantages make an apartment a much more attractive option than a traditional house. Modern buildings are also stronger and safer than traditional houses. They are made completely of concrete, which is a very durable material. These buildings are always designed by important architects who have a detailed knowledge of building materials, and methods that ensure that natural disasters will not affect the stability of the complex. In addition to this, all modern buildings have to be inspected by engineers, who carefully evaluate the structure to ensure that it is sound and can withstand natural or unnatural disasters. Many older structures were built using the experience of the builder rather than any empirical understanding of building materials and the forces they can withstand. Traditional houses are also usually built in quiet areas outside the city. Most modern apartment buildings are constructed in the core of the city, offering the residents a wide range of services right outside their door. Detailed analyses are made by civic engineers and city planners to ensure that all necessary services are readily available. This includes transportation, shopping, employment and recreational facilities. Living too far outside the city can be a hindrance to one's business and social life.

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析：a long vacation or several short vacations

托福写作难点话题一览

Should students be given a long vacation or several short vacations?

Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year. Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

写作思路展开结构分析

无所谓选择哪一个立场。强调一个立场的种.种理由的同时，不要忘了提及另外一个立场的些许好处。然后采用让步方式得出自己的结论。

本话题高分范文赏析

Vacation is a very important part of student life. I would agree that it is best for the students to have many short vacations. School can be a very tiring, tedious experience at times. If students get regular breaks in between intensive periods of studies, they will be more relaxed and ready to learn new material upon returning to school. In addition to this, a change in environment, even if only for a week, gives one the opportunity to relax while reflecting on one's studies. Many students find that even a short break allows them to refresh enough to continue with school. Having many breaks throughout the year is also good for one's social life. If people have the opportunity to catch up with friends and family on a regular basis throughout the year, they will never feel as though they were losing touch with loved ones. Socializing with friends and family is also an excellent way to relax. If students frequently have this kind of opportunity, they will be more at ease and ready for the next semester of school. Moreover, if the school year is broken down into many short semesters, the schools will be able to put a greater amount of focus into the curriculum of the courses. Many students find that by the end of a long semester, they have forgotten the information that they learned at the beginning of the term. By having short, intensive study sessions, students will quickly learn a small amount of information, and thus be able to keep it locked in their minds for a long time to come. Consequently, I think that it is vastly preferable to have numerous short vacations throughout the year. Students will find that they are more relaxed, and can better focus on their studies all year round.